Menstrual cramps are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen. This can range from mild to severe, and it can have an influence on a woman’s everyday life and overall well-being. It occurs as a result of a muscular contraction in the uterus, also known as the womb. If it contracts too severely during your menstrual cycle, it can even lead to vaginal pain. Although cramps higher up in the pelvis are more common, cramping in the vagina is not uncommon, with some women suffering just mild pain while others may experience more severe cramps. But if you’re experiencing persistent pain in your vagina, there could be some other cause behind it which you should know.

To understand all the causes of vaginal pain during your menstrual cycle, Health Shots got in touch with Dr Sangeeta Gomes, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Motherhood Hospital, Indiranagar, Bengaluru.

Causes of vaginal pain during periods

Here are 6 common reasons why you’re experiencing vaginal pain during periods:

1. Menstrual cramps

Menstrual cramps, or dysmenorrhea, commonly can cause vaginal pain during periods. These cramps result from the contraction of the uterine muscles to shed the uterine lining, leading to discomfort that can radiate to the vagina.

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2. Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This abnormal tissue can cause severe pelvic pain, including vulvar discomfort, during menstruation.

3. Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is when the tissue lining the uterus grows into the muscular wall. This can lead to increased uterine contractions and more intense menstrual pain that may spread out to the vaginal area.

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4. Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus, not in the vagina, but this can cause pain and pressure in the pelvis, often leading to vaginal discomfort during periods. Painful intercourse is also a common symptom of it.

5. Vaginal infections

Infections such as yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis can cause vaginal pain, which may be exacerbated during menstruation due to changes in pH and moisture levels in the genital area.

6. Irritation and allergies

Some women may have allergies or sensitivities to menstrual products such as pads or tampons, which can cause vaginal irritation and discomfort during their periods.

How to treat vaginal pain during periods?

To manage vaginal pain during periods at home, you can follow these tips:

1. Pain relief medicines: Non-prescription pain relievers like ibuprofen can help alleviate menstrual cramps and vulvar pain. Consult with your doctor before you take any of these medicines.

2. Hormonal birth control: Hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs), can regulate menstruation and reduce pain associated with endometriosis and adenomyosis. Again, consult with your doctor about it.

3. Prescription medications: In severe pain or conditions like endometriosis, your healthcare provider may prescribe more potent pain relief or hormonal medications to manage symptoms.

4. Heat therapy: Applying a moderate heating pad to the lower abdomen and vaginal area can help relax muscles and relieve discomfort.

5. Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, healthy weight, and stress management techniques can reduce menstrual pain and vaginal discomfort.

6. Dietary changes: Reducing the intake of caffeine, alcohol, and certain foods that may exacerbate inflammation can help ease menstrual pain.

7. Physical therapy: Pelvic floor physical therapy can benefit conditions like endometriosis and adenomyosis. A trained therapist can help manage and alleviate vaginal pain.

8. Vulvar care: Proper vulvar hygiene is crucial. Avoid harsh soaps and use gentle, fragrance-free cleansers. Choose cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing.

9. Consult a gynaecologist: If you suspect an underlying condition like endometriosis, fibroids, or infections, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.

So ladies, follow these tips to manage vaginal pain!