Having sex can stir up a lot of actions and feelings you may not have experienced before – and that’s because a lot goes into your body and mind. One of the things that may worry some women is a swollen vulva. Yes, it is comfortable but it is often a temporary problem and nothing you should sweat over. While it is often caused by friction or irritation during sex, it can also indicate an underlying condition or disease. Knowing what causes a swollen vulva can help you figure out the line of action and ways to prevent it, and stay safe.

What is a swollen vulva?

“Swollen vulva refers to an enlargement or puffiness of the external female genitalia, which includes the labia majora (the outer lips), labia minora (the inner lips), and the vulva (the external part of the female genitalia, including the clitoris, vaginal opening, and surrounding tissues), says gynaecologist Dr Neha Khandelwal. This swelling can be accompanied by redness, tenderness, itching, or discomfort. According to a study published in the Clinical Practical Cases Emergency Medicine, swelling in the vulva can occur for various reasons, such as sexual arousal, friction during sexual activity, infections, allergic reactions, hormonal changes, or physical trauma. While it is often temporary and resolves on its own, persistent or severe swelling may require medical attention to rule out underlying conditions.

Causes of swollen vulva after sex

Here are some potential causes of a swollen vulva after sex, as explained by the expert.

1. Increased blood flow

During sexual arousal, the blood vessels in the genital area dilate and can lead to increased blood flow to the vulva, causing swelling and puffiness. Your clitoris may also expand. This engorgement can cause temporary swelling, which usually subsides after sexual activity ends.

2. Friction

Prolonged or rough sexual activity can cause friction against the vulva, leading to irritation and swelling. This is more likely to occur if there is insufficient lubrication. Insufficient natural lubrication during sex can increase friction, leading to irritation and swelling. This can be exacerbated by the use of certain condoms or lubricants that may dry out quickly.

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3. Allergic reactions

Some women may have an allergic reaction to latex condoms, certain lubricants, or other materials used during sex. This can cause swelling, itching, and irritation of the vulva. Certain spermicides or lubricants may contain chemicals that can cause an allergic reaction or irritation, leading to swelling.

4. Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common vaginal infections affecting women worldwide, with significant implications for both reproductive and overall health. It happens when bad bacteria replace the good bacteria in the vagina. Symptoms usually include off-white or grey discharge and a fishy vaginal odour, as found in a study published in the StatsPearl. Vulva swelling is also possible, but less common.

5. Yeast infections

Women typically have yeast cells and other bacteria living on their skin and vagina. When your vagina has too much yeast, you may have a thick, yellowish discharge as well as vaginal irritation, burning, and redness. This is known as vaginal candidiasis or a vaginal yeast infection, as found in a study published in the Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health. It can also cause inflammation and swelling of the vulva, which may be exacerbated by sexual activity.

6. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), formerly known as sexually transmitted diseases, are the transmission of an organism between sexual partners by various routes of sexual contact, such as oral, anal, or vaginal. Certain STIs, such as herpes, gonorrhoea, or chlamydia, can cause swelling, redness, and discomfort in the genital area, as found in a study published in StatsPearl. If swelling persists or is accompanied by other symptoms like sores, pain, or discharge, it is important to seek medical attention.

7. Trauma or injury

Direct trauma to the genital area during sex, such as excessive pressure or impact, can cause swelling of the vulva. This can occur with certain sexual positions or activities. Minor tears or abrasions in the vulva tissue, which can occur during vigorous sexual activity, can lead to swelling and discomfort.

Is swollen labia or vulva after sex normal?

“Yes, experiencing a swollen vulva after sex is generally normal for many women. During sexual arousal, blood flow to the genital area increases significantly, causing the vulva to become engorged and swollen,” says the expert. This is a natural response to sexual stimulation and typically subsides within a few hours after sexual activity.

When is it normal?

• Temporary swelling: The swelling usually subsides shortly after sex as blood flow returns to normal levels.
• Mild discomfort: Some mild discomfort or tenderness might accompany the swelling, but it should not be severe or prolonged.

When it might be concerning?

• Severe or persistent swelling: If the swelling is severe, it may last for a prolonged period, or is accompanied by intense pain, itching, or unusual discharge. it might be a sign of an underlying issue, such as an infection or allergic reaction.
• Recurring swelling: Frequent swelling after sex that does not resolve quickly might require further investigation to rule out conditions like allergies, infections, or skin irritations.

How to prevent a swollen vulva?

Preventing swollen vulva involves taking steps to minimise irritation and reduce the risk of inflammation. Here are some ways to prevent a swollen vulva, as suggested by the expert:

1. Ensure adequate lubrication

If natural lubrication is insufficient, use a water-based lubricant during sexual activity to reduce friction and prevent irritation. According to a study published in the Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Matters, lubricants can help reduce vaginal dryness and discomfort during sexual activity, offering temporary relief from dyspareunia. Vaginal moisturisers are intended to be used daily to promote comfort and long-term advantages by reducing vaginal dryness. Also, drinking enough water can help maintain natural lubrication levels.

2. Choose the right products

Use hypoallergenic condoms, lubricants, and other sexual products to reduce the risk of allergic reactions and irritation. Avoid products with fragrances, dyes, or harsh chemicals that could irritate the sensitive skin of the vulva.

3. Practise safe sex

Engage in gentle sexual activity to minimise the risk of trauma or injury to the vulva. Use ample lubrication and avoid positions that cause discomfort. Communicate with your partner about any discomfort during sex to ensure that both of you are comfortable and enjoying yourselves.

4. Maintain good hygiene

Maintain good genital hygiene by washing the area with warm water and mild, unscented soap. Avoid douching, as it can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and lead to irritation. After sex, gently clean the genital area to remove any irritants and reduce the risk of infection.

How to treat a swollen vulva after sex?

If you experience a swollen vulva after sex, you can try some expert-approved ways to alleviate the discomfort.

1. Cold compress

A cold compress or ice pack wrapped in a cloth can help reduce swelling and numb pain or discomfort. Apply the cold compress for 10-15 minutes at a time, with breaks in between.

2. Rest and avoid irritation

Give your body time to recover by resting and avoiding further irritation to the area. Avoid sexual activity until the swelling subsides. Also, wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing and cotton underwear can help prevent further irritation and allow the area to heal.

3. Coconut oil

Coconut oil can be used as a natural moisturiser and lubricant. It has anti-inflammatory properties and can soothe irritated skin, as found in a study published in the Food Quality and Safety.

4. Sitz bath

A sitz bath is a warm, shallow bath in which you sit to relieve discomfort in your perineal area, which is the space between your anus and genitals, as found in a study published in Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Adding Epsom salts or colloidal oatmeal can enhance the soothing effect.

While these remedies are effective for treating swollen vulva, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider before using these remedies to reduce swollen vulva.