It is safe to say that waking up with a stiff neck is one of the most annoying things that send your plans for a toss. Sleeping for too long in the wrong position is often the reason for a stiff neck, and is usually not something that one heads off to the doctor for at once. It is usually caused by a muscle spasm or muscle train that resolves itself during the day. However, if the pain persists for over a week despite home remedies and over-the-counter medications, it is important to consult a doctor. Another reason to get in your car and head to the hospital is if a stiff neck is accompanied by feelings of nausea, numbness or breathing difficulties.

What is a stiff neck?

If it is hard for you to move your neck, and it comes with a feeling of pain when moving your neck even slightly, it may indicate a stiff neck, explains neurosurgeon Dr Umesh Srikantha. Some of the common symptoms of a stiff neck include muscle spasm, tension or pain. A study published in the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine states that neck pain symptoms can range in severity, depending on the cause. A stiff neck refers to a state where the neck seems stuck, and there is decreased range of motion.

Causes of a stiff neck

Stiffness in the muscles supporting the neck may be caused by muscle strain and sprain resulting from overexerting them. “This is exemplified by poor position such as slumping or hunching over a computer for long periods which makes people develop tightness in their muscles causing stiffness. The condition results from lying in an uncomfortable position which stretches your neck muscles until it becomes difficult to move upon awakening,” explains Dr Srikantha. Also, people who are stressed often have knotted shoulder blades and trap muscles, including the ones around their throats. “Further severe exertion can generate painful and unyielding muscular tissues within your throat after mishap or tumble,” says Dr Srikantha.

Besides posture and sleeping on the wrong side, a stiff neck can be a consequence of other underlying medical conditions as well.

1. Whiplash

Whiplash is a severe neck injury that is often caused by car accidents. It happens when your head jerks forwards and backwards suddenly. A study, published in the Emergency Medicine Journal, states that persistent neck pain can be seen after a whiplash. Participants report neck pain post-collision.

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2. Arthritis

Arthritis of the neck or Cervical spondylosis can also lead to a stiff neck, pain as well as other neurological complications, states this study, published in BMJ. The study adds that even severe degenerative changes, that are often asymptomatic, can lead to neck pain, stiffness, or neurological complications.

3. Meningitis

Meningitis can also be a cause of stiff neck, states a study, published in Textbook of Clinical Neurology (Third Edition). Meninges cover the brain and spinal cord, and this condition makes them inflamed. It can be caused by a virus, bacteria or fungi. The symptoms include sudden fever, stiff neck, headache, confusion as well as nausea and vomiting.

Can a stiff neck get resolved on its own?

Yes, it can. At times, a stiff neck does not require any medication or even home remedies. However, it is very important to note when to head to the doctor. If a stiff neck presents with certain symptoms such as severe headache, fever, nausea or vomiting, numbness or tingling in arms or hands and difficulty swallowing or breathing one must get it checked at once.

When is a stiff neck serious?

A stiff neck is serious when accompanied by symptoms such as severe headache, fever, confusion, or neurological deficits. “These symptoms can indicate serious conditions like meningitis, which is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, often causing fever, headache, and a stiff neck,” says Dr Srikantha. He adds that cervical spine disorders, such as herniated discs or cervical spondylosis, can also cause significant pain and stiffness. Infections of the spine or neck muscles and tumours in the spinal or brain area can lead to severe stiffness and require medical attention.

How to treat a stiff neck

If you are looking to relieve a stiff neck, a sure-shot approach would be to find the cause. However, if the cause seems like a minor one, then home remedies can work.

• Rest from activities that stress the neck may help.
• Application of ice for 48-72 hours then heat therapy later on.
• Painkillers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen sold over the counter can help relieve some pain.
• Gentle motions of the neck and simple massage can enhance mobility while at the same time relieving muscle spasms.

How to prevent a stiff neck

To prevent a stiff neck, maintain good posture by keeping your head aligned with your spine and avoiding slouching. “Ensure your workstation is ergonomic to support a healthy posture and take frequent breaks from sitting to move and stretch. Use a supportive pillow and avoid sleeping on your stomach to maintain a proper sleep position,” says Dr Srikantha. Managing stress through techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises can also help prevent neck stiffness.