Type 1 Diabetes - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes, Treatment

It is home to approximately 1.6 million Americans. Type 1 diabetesand 200,000 of those people are under 20 years of age. Globally, type 1 diabetes explains about the same level 10% of 390 million people People who live with all sorts of diabetes.

Living with diabetes has many daily challenges, but thanks to advances in both insulin and technology, Type 1 people can live extremely healthy, full and long!

Let’s take a closer look at the symptoms, diagnosis, causes, and treatment options for type 1 diabetes.

What is type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that develops when the immune system begins to attack and destroy cells secreted by the pancreas that produce insulin. Ultimately, for weeks, months or years, most people with type 1 diabetes produce little or no insulin.

However, all mammals, including humans, require insulin Stay alive. Without insulin, the body cannot use glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream, and every part of the body (muscles, brain, nerves, blood vessels, etc.) relies on the delivery of glucose for 2 seconds x seconds. Features and behavior!

Research has been discovered People with type 1 diabetes struggle to produce an average amount of amylin. This is another important hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and appetite after meals. This means that type 1 people don’t feel satisfied after eating with difficulty in controlling their blood sugar levels after meals.

Type 1 diabetes was once often referred to as “juvenile diabetes,” which is a misleading name because people of all ages can develop type 1 diabetes. In fact, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes is increasing in all age groups around the world.

Causes of type 1 diabetes

The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is still unknown. But like most autoimmune diseases, people may be born with a predisposition to one day developing the disease. Most of us never know this unless we are properly tested for autoantibodies early in our lives.

A study from TrialNet shows that people with type 1 diabetes are generally developed At least two autoantibodies Before 5 years old.

“Autoantibodies created by the body’s immune system are proteins that attack one or more healthy proteins,” explains Trialnet.

TrialNet offers free autoantibody testing to people under the age of 18 who are genetically associated with people with type 1 diabetes. Identifying autoantibodies early is potentially meaningful Prevents the full onset of the disease We appreciate Trial Net’s continued research.

It is fairly common for the onset of type 1 diabetes to occur several weeks after daily viruses like influenza and streptococci. While the body is attacking the influenza virus, it almost responds in a way, beginning to attack the cells that produce insulin.

However, that does not mean strep throat or flu It was caused Diabetes. Type 1 people are likely to be born predisposed to one day disease, and everyday viruses (or stressful events like car accidents or divorces) are simply catalytic reactions to disease.

It is important to note that lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise do it do not have Causes type 1 diabetes.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

Symptoms usually occur rapidly over several weeks as the immune system destroys more and more cells intended to produce insulin.

As blood sugar levels get higher and higher each week, the body begins to develop ketones that are caused by burning the body for fuel instead of glucose.

Low levels of ketones are harmless, but as seen in the bloodstream when following a ketonogenic diet – ketones that develop and accumulate when the body is not increasing sufficiently increases to extremely dangerous levels that can lead to stroke, coma and death.

Unrecognized or untreated, dangerously high blood sugar and ketone levels can occur within a month of suffering from the illness.

Fortunately, most cases of type 1 diabetes are caught before this occurs due to very consistent symptoms.

Some of the most common symptoms include

Sudden extreme thirst
You need to pee abnormally frequently
Abnormal fatigue and fatigue
Weight loss for unknown reasons
Blurred vision
Yeast infections in women
Dry stool in a young child’s diaper

Early symptoms

Later symptoms

Sour fruit smell in your breath
Lethargic – Very heavy feeling in your arms and legs
Yeast infections (male or female)
Dry the mouth
Weight loss
shortness of breath
Weakness
Confused/Difficult focus
nausea

Emergency symptoms

If you experience these symptoms at any time before or after your diagnosis, contact your medical team or immediately visit your local emergency department.

Symptoms can occur after diagnosis if blood glucose levels are consistently high or suddenly very high. These symptoms should never be ignored. Signs of “emergency” symptoms should be managed by immediate travel to the emergency department.

Factors that increase the risk of type 1 diabetes

It is listed on Trial Net as follows: Factors that increase your chances Development of type 1 diabetes:

Family History: If you have a disease and genetic relative, you are 15 times more likely to develop type 1 diabetes.

Genetics: Certain genes increase the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. This cannot be determined without detailed testing.

Autoantibodies: Diabetes-related autoantibodies show an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. TrialNet Screening If you enroll yourself or your child in their program, you can detect these autoantibodies a few years before symptoms appear.

Geography: Research has shown that the farther you live from the equator, the more common type 1 diabetes is. “People living in Finland have the highest incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world, about 2-3 times more than those living in the US.”

Race/Ethnicity: Type 1 diabetes develops in all ethnic groups, but whites (whites) and Europeans are at the highest risk.

year: Type 1 can develop at any age, but it is most commonly occurring in those under the age of 18.

Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes

The diagnosis arises from two very simple tests.

Test ketone urine
Test your blood sugar level

By the time most people go to the doctor due to symptoms of type 1 diabetes, their blood sugar levels are well above 300 mg/dL.

Type 1 diabetes can also be identified previously, but this is most likely if another family member has type 1 diabetes and uses a blood glucose meter to identify subtle early symptoms.

Any of the following blood glucose levels should be immediately visited by a doctor to ensure that they are tested for autoantibodies:

HBA1C (average blood glucose): Over 6.5%
Fasting blood sugar: 126 mg/dL or more
2 hours after eating: Over 200 mg/dL

After the official diagnosis, you can be hospitalized in intensive care units for several days and administered intravenous saline and insulin to stabilize blood sugar levels and the fluid balance throughout the body.

The higher your blood glucose level and the higher your ketone level when diagnosed, the more likely you will need these intravenous treatments.

If diabetes is previously identified and diagnosed, if blood glucose levels are not that high, you may be given outpatient diabetes education on how to take insulin and work vigorously with your new medical team for the first few weeks and months.

Learning how to manage type 1 diabetes is a lifelong process. I haven’t learned in a day or even months. This is why it’s important to have a good healthcare team and take it every day.

“Honeymoon stage” after diagnosis

The “honeymoon stage” describes the period after diagnosis when the pancreas is still producing a significant amount of insulin.

However, over time, again, over the course of a few months or year, we find that insulin needs gradually rise and blood sugar levels are more easily affected by a high-carbohydrate diet.

Work closely with your healthcare team to gradually adjust your insulin dose as pancreatic insulin production decreases.

Type 1 diabetes is misdiagnosed as type 2

Type 1 diabetes occurs in adults, but mainstream health care is still considered to be “juvenile diabetes,” which develops in childhood. This means that some adults with type 1 diabetes have been misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes during the first few years of the illness.

If you have been diagnosed with Type 2 and think you have Type 1, ask them to test your autoantibody levels. This test will reveal whether your body is suffering from autoimmune diseases and metabolic disorders.

Type 1.5 diabetes (also known as LADA: Potential autoimmune diabetes in adults) It is also commonly misdiagnosed as type 2. Type 1.5 is a very slow progression form of type 1 diabetes, which appears essentially type 2.

You may have been misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes, and you may have type 1.5 diabetes if:

Maintain a fairly healthy weight
You are over 30 years old
For the first 6 months after diagnosis, no insulin was required to maintain healthy blood sugar levels
Long-term oral medications won’t improve your blood sugar levels
There are no other metabolic syndrome conditions, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure.
No family history of type 2 diabetes

Talk to your healthcare team to get the support you need!

Treatment of type 1 diabetes

Treating and managing type 1 diabetes every day is the first focus Insulin.

Whether you take it Multiple Daily Injections (MDI) Or use Insulin pumpinsulin doses should be carefully managed daily.

Controls insulin based on blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels can be used as traditional glucose meters or Continuous glucose monitor.

Monitor your blood sugar level Closely level Every day is important as it can easily fluctuate based on your body’s sensitivity to insulin, all the foods and drinks you consume, your physical activity level, hormone fluctuations due to natural occurrences like stress and the menstrual cycle, and the daily challenges of balancing all of these at any time.

Once diagnosed, blood glucose levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are as follows:

“fasting” of 80-130 mg/dl (before meals)
Less than 180 mg/dl within 2 hours after meals

It is important to note that people with type 1 diabetes can stay within a very narrow range everytime. Management of type 1 diabetes is a constant juggling act of insulin, food, activity, stress, and other hormones that affect blood glucose levels.

Healthy blood sugar levels of a Non-diabetic teeth:

80-120 mg/dl for people under 59 years old and without additional medical conditions
Less than 100 mg/dl when fasting (before eating)
between 100-140 mg/dl in people over 60 if they have additional health conditions such as heart disease, kidney disease, hypoglycemia and more.

These non-diabetic blood sugar levels are merely a goal for us with diabetes, but it is unrealistic to expect to remain in this range all the time. Instead, using these numbers is a motivation for your daily care and helps you understand what your body’s ideal blood sugar range is for optimal long-term health.

Multiple Daily Injections (MDI)

If you are taking insulin with a syringe or insulin pen, you will need long-acting (basal) insulin, taken once or twice a day, to replicate the way the pancreas releases a constant insulin drip of usually all day.

Second, fast action (or “fast”) insulin is required for diet and for corrections when blood glucose levels are high. Rapid insulin replicates the way the pancreas releases a large bolus of insulin to manage the food you normally eat.

Insulin pump or pod

People who use pumps or pods to supply insulin only use fast or rapid insulin programmed with medical team support to provide insulin that will drip and drip all day long and with a larger bolus of insulin for meals and corrections.

Continuous glucose monitor

Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) is one of the latest forms of diabetes technology. Blood glucose levels are reported to the receiver every 5 minutes by wearing small sensors for body fat on the belly, arms, or thighs.

This technology gives many patients with type 1 diabetes a much more sense of security, increased safety during sleep and exercise, reduced both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and the ability to manage blood glucose levels in tighter ranges.

Other medications used to treat type 1 diabetes

People with type 1 diabetes can also take medications intended for type 2 diabetes, which originally support insulin resistance, glucose released by the liver, and the hormone amylin deficiency in our body.

Unfortunately, these drugs are intended for type 2 diabetes and are not always covered by insurance. Work with your healthcare team to discuss options.

nutrition

According to the 2019 Nutrition Consensus Report from the American Diabetes Associations, there is no single “magic” diet for diabetes, as everyone reacts differently to different types of foods and diets.

However, while people with type 1 diabetes can technically “eat anything” by counting carbohydrates and occupying large amounts of fat or protein, the world of diabetes gradually accepts that a low-carbohydrate diet can be extremely useful.

By eating whole food A diet focused on vegetables, protein and fats with reduced starch, sugar and even fruits is easier to manage as reduced carbohydrate consumption reduces the need for insulin. It will decrease.

Movement and other variables

The complex parts of type 1 diabetes are never over as so many aspects of daily life and normal functioning of the human body can raise or lower your blood sugar and insulin needs.

Even if you eat the same food every day, other variables that affect your body’s blood sugar levels and insulin needs should be paid the same attention every day.

For example, exercise in type 1 diabetes is very complicated. Simply changing the type of exercise and the time that exercise is performed will dramatically change the way you prepare your blood glucose levels to prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia during and after training.

Weight loss and weight management

Simply put, the healthier your overall weight, the lower the insulin resistance you are struggling with, and the healthier your whole body will be! Lose weight and maintain a healthy weight This is an important part of living well with type 1 diabetes.

Losing weight with diabetes is not always easy. It starts with healthy food choices and regular exercise, but patients are taking insulin and other medications that need to be very careful about lowering blood glucose.

You can see that losing 3 or 5 pounds will also reduce your needs for insulin and other medications. Without changing the dosage, severe hypoglycemia can occur. Making these step-by-step adjustments is important, especially for people taking insulin.

Measure A1C every 3-6 months

Your A1C is a very useful way to get an overall idea of where your blood sugar is every day. Also known as HBA1cThis test provides the percentage that is converted to general blood sugar levels range.

You can instantly translate your latest A1C results into EAG using this simple A1C/EAG calculator from the American Diabetes Association.

12%=298 mg/dl (240 – 347)
11%=269 mg/dl (217 – 314)
10%=240 mg/dl (193 – 282)
9%=212 mg/dl (170 –249)
8%=183 mg/dl (147 – 217)
7%=154 mg/dl (123 – 185)
6%=126 mg/dl (100 – 152)
5%=97 mg/dl

Recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Achieve and maintain A1c below 7% For optimal health and prevention of diabetes-related complications.

Let’s see what happens when blood sugar levels are consistently too high.

Complications of hyperglycemia levels

Glucose accumulates in the bloodstream and essentially decays important nerve endings throughout the body, causing untreated hyperglycemia to wreak havoc without treatment.

These are some of the most common complications that can consistently result from hyperglycemia levels.

High blood sugar levels can become dangerous quickly:

Even when you wake up in the morning, you’ll be able to keep a consistently high for a certain period of time
I run over 180 mg/dl on a regular basis
I run over 250 mg/dl on a regular basis – It’s very dangerous

Hyperglycemia is serious and can have serious health effects in the short and long term. If you think your blood sugar levels are running consistently higher than your target range, talk to your healthcare team immediately.

Working with the healthcare team, we will adjust insulin doses and other medications slightly to stay within target range.

Insulin fluctuates and needs to change based on various variables, so it should be adjusted based on blood glucose levels.

Management of hypoglycemia levels

Hypoglycemia (or hypoglycemia) is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL. For people with type 1 diabetes, it is very easy to experience hypoglycemia by earning more insulin than you need for lunch.

There are some obvious signs that your blood sugar is below safe levels. The ADA lists the following symptoms of hypoglycemia:

Feeling unstable
I’m nervous or worried
Sweat, chills, rather
Irritated or anxious
confusion
Fast Heartbeat
Feeling bad or dizzy
Hungry
nausea
Color that drains from the skin (pall)
I feel sleepy
Feel weak or lacking energy
Vision impairment/disability
Twitching and numbness on the lips, tongue, or cheeks
headache
Adjustment issues, clumsy
Nightmares and screams while sleeping
Crucifixion

If you are experiencing that you do not understand the exact cause regularly (multiple times a week), talk to your healthcare team about adjusting your insulin dose.

Frequent hypoglycemia can reduce the body’s ability to sense symptoms, which puts us at risk for severe hypoglycemia that can lead to seizures, coma, or death.

Today, people are thriving with type 1 diabetes!

An incredibly serious and demanding life with type 1 diabetes may be possible for people with this disease Prosper When are they Do your best to manage your blood sugar levels Make healthy choices about food, exercise and other lifestyle habits.

People with type 1 diabetes become professional athletes, pursue pregnancy, and more Supreme Court Judge!

As long as you pay the necessary attention to type 1 diabetes, the possibilities in your life are endless.